Can I get Ecuadorian citizenship after residency?

Yes. After 3 years of legal residency (temporary + permanent combined), you may be eligible to apply for Ecuadorian citizenship through naturalisation. The process requires demonstrating integration, language ability, clean legal record, and continued residency. Citizenship grants an Ecuadorian passport, voting rights, and the ability to live and work throughout South America under MERCOSUR agreements. However, some countries do not allow dual citizenship. US citizens, for example, do not lose US citizenship by acquiring Ecuadorian citizenship, but the rules vary by country of origin. Verify your home country's dual citizenship policy before applying.